The present invention provides a reservoir water supply real-time monitoring and management system and belongs to technical fields such as the information technology field. The reservoir water supply real-time monitoring and management system includes a water supply data real-time acquisition platform, a water supply information real-time monitoring and management system and a water supply information database; the water supply data real-time acquisition platform acquires the pressure and flow information of a water supply pipeline and sends the information to the water supply information real-time monitoring and management system; the water supply information real-time monitoring and management system is used for further analyzing and processing the pressure data, flow data and other data acquired by the water supply data real-time acquisition platform and rendering early warnings and optimal control based on a hydraulics transition analysis model and actual monitoring data; and the water supply information database is used for storing the pressure, flow and alarm of the water supply pipeline and the basic information of a user. With the reservoir water supply real-time monitoring and management system of the invention adopted, the safe and stable operation of a reservoir water supply system can be ensured, and the standardization and informatization level of the water supply system can be improved.