The invention relates to a test device and a test method for testing the permeability of high-permeable rock liquid. The test device comprises a rock sample clamping and loading system, a gas controlling and loading system, a liquid injecting and discharging system and a data acquisition recording system, wherein the rock sample clamping and loading system comprises a rock core gripper and a confining pressure control subsystem, and a rock sample to be tested is put in the rock core gripper; the gas controlling and loading system can be communicated with the rock core gripper, and two end surfaces of the rock sample to be tested load pore pressure and a permeable pressure difference through the gas controlling and loading system; the liquid injecting and discharging system can be communicated with the gas controlling and loading system; the data acquisition recording system comprises at least one pressure transmitter, a pressure difference transmitter and a computer arranged in the test device, and the computer is respectively connected with the data control ends of the pressure transmitter and the pressure difference transmitter. According to the test device, gas and liquid can be adopted as permeability media for testing, and the technical problem in the prior art that a pulse decay method can not be used for testing the permeability of the high-permeable rock liquid is solved.