The invention discloses a power terminal communication access network and an optimization method, which aim to achieve rapid optimization, reduce cost and solve the problem of difficulty in planning of the power terminal communication access network. The power terminal communication access network comprises a first-layer Ethernet and second-layer Ethernets, wherein the first-layer Ethernet comprises a high-voltage substation node and all sub-nodes of the high-voltage substation node in a medium-voltage power distribution network, the first-layer Ethernet is an annular network topology, the number of the second-layer Ethernets is the same as the number of 10kV transformer nodes, the 10kv transformer nodes are intersection nodes of the first-layer Ethernet and the second-layer Ethernets, the second-layer Ethernets are annular and tree-shaped network topologies, the power terminal communication access network conforms to a feasible solution boundary condition, and the incremental cost is minimum. The optimization method of the power terminal communication access network relates to an estimation function, a mating algorithm and a variation algorithm in a genetic algorithm framework. By the power terminal communication access network, the efficiency of network planning and optimization is greatly improved, and the algorithm complexity is reduced.