The invention relates to controllable slow-release phase transfer catalyst microcapsules and a preparation method of the controllable slow-release phase transfer catalyst microcapsules. The method comprises the following steps: sufficiently stirring sodium dodecyl sulfate, polyethylene glycol 6000, a phase transfer catalyst, a strong oxidant, an auxiliary surfactant, ethanol, a pH (Potential of Hydrogen) value regulator and a pyrrole monomer into de-ionized water solution under a room-temperature condition; centrifuging and drying to obtain the phase transfer catalyst microcapsules. Reaction is carried out on the de-ionized water so that an oil-soluble core material is easily subjected to phase transfer catalyst microencapsulation; a preparation process of the controllable slow-release phase transfer catalyst microcapsules is not only limited in the de-ionized water, and the phase transfer catalyst microcapsules with a water-soluble core material can also be prepared in an oily solvent system; a core material phase transfer catalyst is not limited to 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionitrile) and can be any one of ammonium persulfate, benzoyl peroxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, tert-butyl peroxybenzoate and diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate.