The invention discloses a high voltage power transmission grounding anti-misoperation device and control method. The device includes a three-phase jointing clamp and a wire, a grounding wire and a grounding end; an electrical cabinet which includes a wire winding mechanism used for winding a three-phase wire; three wire clamp grooves used for accommodating or hanging corresponding jointing clamp; a grounding wire end slot used for accommodating or hanging the grounding end; a jointing clamp reset switch used for triggering an in-place signal when the jointing clamp is reset; a grounding end reset switch used for triggering an in-place signal when the grounding end returns to a seat; jointing clamp locking mechanisms arranged on the wire clamp grooves and used for being controlled to lock or unlock the jointing clamp; a ground locking mechanism arranged on the grounding end and used for being controlled to lock or unlock the grounding end; and a controller used for controlling the unlocking sequence of the jointing clamp locking mechanisms and the ground locking mechanism. The high voltage power transmission grounding anti-misoperation device provided by the invention adopts a mode of locking in cooperation with unlocking, the ground control logic is rigorous, and the grounding operation is rapid.