The invention provides a transformer substation operation and maintenance real-time detection device comprising a front-end information acquisition unit and heterogeneous sensor interface adaption equipment. The information acquisition unit comprises a partial discharge sensing node, a high voltage equipment infrared temperature detection sensing node, a power frequency electric field monitoring sensing node, a ground potential sensing node and a video recording node. All the sensing nodes and the video recording node are connected with the heterogeneous sensor interface adaption equipment through a wired or wireless mode. The heterogeneous sensor interface adaption equipment collects the data of all the sensing nodes and the video recording node and processes the data so as to form a semantic message for describing the operation state of power equipment and report the semantic message to a server. The automatic and unmanned power equipment inspection process can be realized so that the burden of inspection personnel can be reduced.