The present invention discloses a real-time monitoring system for bridge construction. The system comprises: a data collection device, wherein, after collecting real-time data by covering a plurality of sensors of a constructed part of a bridge, the data collection device is used for processing real-time data and obtaining processed data corresponding to each sensor; a server, wherein the server is used for receiving and storing the processed data of each sensor transmitted by the data collection device; and a network display platform, wherein sensor models are arranged at a corresponding position in a bridge model established on the network display platform to an actual bridge, and the network display platform is used for receiving processed data of each sensor transmitted by the server, corresponding the processed data to the sensor model respectively, and generating a real-time three-dimensional model based on the bridge model. According to the system disclosed by the present invention, data is automatically collected all the time by using the data collection device, and result data is visualized in the real-time three-dimensional model by setting the sensor model corresponding to the actual bridge on the network display platform, so that bridge construction information is displayed more intuitively.