The embodiment of the invention discloses a picture file processing method and device. The picture file processing method comprises the following steps: receiving a transcoding bitstream for the original picture file sent by the sending end, and analyzing the transcoding bitstream to obtain the data segment of the picture header information and the bitstream data of the picture file, wherein the bitstream data is the information generated by the sending end encoding the YUV data, and the YUV data is the data generated by the sending end converting each frame image of the picture file; and generating the YUV data according to the bitstream data, and processing the YUV data based on the data segment of the picture header information to generate the picture file. By means of the invention, the amount of the file data in the transmission process of the picture file can be reduced, and the bandwidth cost is reduced.