The invention discloses a bamboo rat propagation method comprising the following steps of (1) young rat social domestication: breeding young rats in a social breeding pong for 3-4 months; (2) breeding rat selection and separate mating and breeding: selecting male rats and female rats having large propagation potentiality to mate, and putting each pair in a separate culture pond for breeding; and (3) breeding rat mating in the wild: for the breeding rats mated successfully for the first time in the step (2), after young rats are weaned, putting the young rats into the social breeding pond for breeding, and putting the breeding rats into an ecological breeding factory for breeding. By utilization of the social breeding pond, the young rats are adapted to live in groups through domestication, the basis for subsequent large-scale polyculture is established, and injuries and deaths caused by fighting of the bamboo rats during the subsequent polyculture process are reduced and prevented. The wild and interior are combined by the ecological breeding factory designed by the method, the bamboo rats living in the wild natural environment have high survival rates, and are strong and not subject to diseases, mating successful probability of the bamboo rats is improved, and survival rates of the young rats are high.