The invention relates to an ecological treatment system for acidic mine wastewater, and belongs to the technical field of wastewater treatment. The system is used for solving the problems that in the existing acidic mine wastewater treatment process, a large quantity of residues are generated, secondary pollution is likely to be caused, and the treatment efficiency is low. The heavy metal content of the acidic mine wastewater is decreased through a gravel pool to regulate the pH value of the acidic mine wastewater, heavy metals in the acidic mine wastewater are absorbed through slow flow of the acidic mine wastewater by means of plants to utilize part of sulfate radicals, then microorganism treatment is conducted in a microorganism pool to increase the pH value, the water quality is improved by means of the absorption and adsorption effects of trees and carbonized straw particles, and finally sterilization and water quality improvement are conducted on the treated water through a medical stone filter valve, so that the ecological treatment system for the acidic mine wastewater is capable of effectively solving the problems and is free of pollution. The ecological treatment system is high in applicability and free of secondary pollution.