The invention proposes a double-layer-optimization-based optimized operation management method for an electrical-thermal-storage boiler by a microgrid. The method comprises: a photovoltaic output prediction model, a wind power output prediction model, a micro gas turbine model, a diesel engine model, and a storage battery model are constructed, and a thermal load demand model is constructed by a method of improving a similar day so as to improve the precision of a thermal load demand prediction model; a double-layer optimization model is established, so that the wind curtailment and light curtailment values of the system can be reduced under the circumstance that the integrated cost of the system is minimized, wherein an energy management system is introduced into the lower layer and a centralized energy management system is introduced into the upper layer; and an objective function is solved by using an adaptive quantum chaos genetic algorithm to obtain outputs of all units in a microgrid system precisely, so that the high economic benefits and the high renewable energy source utilization rate can be realized under the circumstance that the electrical load and thermal load demands in the system are satisfied. Therefore, energy dispatching values of all units in the system can be calculated scientifically.