The invention discloses an automatic testing device and method for an optical transmitting and receiving chip. The device comprises an upper computer testing module, a USB-to-I2C module, a MCU control module, a relay switch, an EEPROM module, a stabilized voltage supply module and a signal generator; the MCU control module is connected with the optical transmitting and receiving chip; the USB-to-I2C module is connected between the upper computer testing module and the MCU control module; the upper computer testing module is used for controlling the relay switch to implement high and low level switching by the MCU control module, carrying out detection judgment on a register address, completing parameter testing and storing a testing result; the EEPROM module is connected with the optical transmitting and receiving chip and is used for importing data of EEPROM into the optical transmitting and receiving chip; and the stabilized voltage supply module is respectively connected with the optical transmitting and receiving chip and the relay switch and is used for providing a direct current power supply. According to the automatic testing device and method disclosed by the invention, by combining a hardware circuit with upper computer testing software, the optical transmitting and receiving chip can be rapidly and accurately subjected to automatic testing, and the testing result is stored.