The present invention discloses an SRAM-PUF-based fuzzy safe box authentication method. According to the method, during the registration phase, the feature data of SRAM-PUF are extracted and a secret key S is constructed. Meanwhile, the hash value of the secret key S is calculated. According to the feature data of SRAM-PUF and the secret key S, a fuzzy safe box V is generated for encryption. A corresponding authentication method is provided cooperatively, wherein the fuzzy safe box technology is introduced to the SRAM-PUF-based authentication system. According to the invention, the polynomial reconstruction and the error correction coding are conducted to generate the secret key S. based on the above manner, the reconstruction and authentication of the secret key can still be accurately realized with the presence of a certain error rate PUF. The ambiguity of the PUF and the accuracy of the secret key are organically combined, and an encryption authentication system having the error correction function is provided. As a result, the safety and the reliability in the authentication process are improved. Meanwhile, the method is easy to implement, and can resist various current mainstream attack modes to the fuzzy safe box.