The invention discloses an artificial-red-blood-cell-coated polar carbon fiber filtration element for sudden toxic gas leakage, and applications thereof. The artificial-red-blood-cell-coated polar carbon fiber filtration element comprises a shell for placing materials, internally-filled polar carbon fiber as a carrier, and an artificial vesicle biofilm system as a carried body, wherein the artificial vesicle biofilm system comprises phospholipid bilayer, artificial red blood cells and a bionic blood. According to the present invention, with the artificial vesicle biofilm system, the artificial red blood cells and the external environment can be effectively subjected to material transportation, energy exchange, information transmission and biochemical reactions; and when the sudden toxic gas environment pollution occurs, the filtration element can effectively absorb and filter cyanides, CO and other gases toxically harmful for cells, such that the harm of toxic gas on human body can be reduced, or the time of the escaping of the staff from the toxic gas area can be prolonged.