The invention discloses a ferriferous oxide/silica composite wall material-based magnetic phase change microcapsule. A preparation method of the magnetic phase change microcapsule comprises the following steps: carrying out surface treatment on nano-Fe3O4 through using an anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfonate, and introducing a hydroxyl group to the surface of the nano-Fe3O4, adsorbing the nano-Fe3O4 to the surfaces of paraffin droplets through electrostatic adsorption by using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as a cationic surfactant, and initiating the hydrolysis polycondensation reaction of ethyl orthosilicate to form a SiO2 network structure in order to obtain the magnetic phase change microcapsule. The Fe3O4/SiO2 composite wall material has a high crosslinking density, so the service life of the magnetic phase change microcapsule is prolonged; and the microcapsule has superparamagnetic property, so the microcapsule can be used for making electronic devices with a temperature adjusting function and an electromagnetic shielding function, and elements thereof.