The embodiment of the invention provides a method and device for implanting an anisotropic material based on laser-induced cavitation. The method for implanting the anisotropic material based on laser-induced cavitation comprises the steps that a base material is arranged in suspension liquid containing anisotropic material particles, wherein the anisotropic material particles are suspended at a specific angle; and an impact wave and a high-speed micro-jet-flow are generated in the suspension liquid through laser inducing, and the anisotropic material particles in the suspension liquid are implanted into the base material in an impact manner at a set angle. The technical problems that by the adoption of a traditional laser sedimentation technology and a traditional laser-induced forward transfer technology, the anisotropic material can be damaged, and the anisotropic material particles cannot be implanted into the base material at a designed angle are solved. In addition, the method and device for implanting the anisotropic material based on laser-induced cavitation are combined with a base material surface decoration chemical method, so that the surface of the base material can carry charge or radial groups, and therefore the anisotropic materials can be more easily combined at an angle to form a set surface micro-structure.