The invention discloses a rolling belt type synchronous equivalent observation device for compressor vibration clearance leakage and belongs to the field of compressor internal leakage mechanism research. The rolling belt type synchronous equivalent observation device comprises a rotary compressor for synchronous equivalence and furthermore comprises a compressor simulation device, a signal processing device, an air channel device and a camera shooting device; the compressor simulation device comprises a transparent shell, a movement belt drive motor, a driven wheel, a driving wheel, a wide-body elastic movement belt, an idler wheel, an air cylinder device and an equivalent rotor vibration generator; and the transparent shell comprises a cavity located on the upper portion of the transparent shell, an air cavity located in the middle of the transparent shell and an oil cavity located on the lower portion of the transparent shell, the middle of the cavity upper portion, the middle of the air cavity upper portion and the middle of the oil cavity upper portion are all provided with openings corresponding in positions, and the driving wheel and the driven wheel are symmetrically installed on the two sides of the transparent shell correspondingly. The rolling belt type synchronous equivalent observation device aims to research influences of the cavitation phenomenon on leakage of gaps among compressor parts.