The invention discloses a test device used for rectangular jacking pipe jacking construction whole process simulation. The test device comprises a test box, pipe joint systems, a loading system, a grouting system and a test system. Soil mass is filled in the test box. Multiple parallel pipe joint systems penetrate through the internal part of the test box through the square holes on the two opposite side walls of the test box. A guide rail is installed between each pair of the square holes. Each pipe joint system comprises a guide nose and a jacking pipe joint which are interconnected. The guide nose is a square steel pipe of which the two ends are open. The guide nose is provided with guide rail grooves used for penetrating of the guide rail. According to the test device used for rectangular jacking pipe jacking construction whole process simulation, the device is simple and high in operability, and the components of the test device can be repeatedly utilized when multiple work conditions are simulated so that the compatibility is high, the test device meets the actual work condition to the greatest extent and the reliability of the acquired test data is high.