The invention discloses a 3D data intelligent recognition method based on point cloud. The method comprises the following steps of: acquiring 3D point cloud data of transformer station equipment; de-noising the 3D point cloud data of the transformer station equipment to obtain the processed 3D point cloud data; extracting the characteristic of the transformer station equipment from the processed 3D point cloud data, and collecting the extracted characteristic of the transformer station equipment; optimizing the characteristic weight by using a particle swarm optimization algorithm, and classifying the processed 3D point cloud data by using a distance classification algorithm to obtain a classification result; and subjecting the processed 3D point cloud data to attitude estimation by using a volume matching method according to the classification result. The method improves data processing accuracy.