The invention discloses a lithium battery energy storage system with a safety protection function. The lithium battery energy storage system with the safety protection function comprises a battery box; wherein the battery box is provided with a box cover; single batteries are arranged in the battery box, and the single batteries are connected in parallel into a single-stage battery pack; the single-stage battery packs are connected in series to form a whole battery pack; an automatic fire extinguisher is arranged in the battery box, and the automatic fire extinguisher is connected with an induction control device; each single battery is connected in series with a fuse. According to the invention, the fuse is connected in series with each single battery, therefore, the phenomenons such as excessive temperature and combustion caused by the short-circuit of the single batteries can be effectively prevented; and the automatic fire extinguisher is controlled by the temperature control switch, so that the automatic fire extinguisher can be opened for extingiushment when the internal temperature of the lithium battery pack is higher, therefore, the fire disaster can be effectively prevented.