The invention relates to an HEVC code rate control method based on structural features. The HEVC code rate control method comprises the steps of: 1) extracting frame images of a video, and calculating a 2*2 region down-acquisition feature pattern of coding tree units of the frame images; 2) calculating structural strength of each coding tree unit at present based on the down-acquisition feature pattern of each coding tree unit; 3) calculating structural strength of the current frame image based on the structural strength of each coding tree unit at present; 4) calculating a code rate allocation proportion of each coding tree unit based on the structural strength of each coding tree unit and the structural strength of the current frame image; 5) and calculating quantization parameters of each coding tree unit according to the code rate allocation proportion of each coding tree unit. The HEVC code rate control method utilizes the structural strength of the down-acquisition feature patterns of the coding tree units to represent the structural strength of the coding tree units, effectively reflects the perceptual properties of the coding tree units, guides the target code rate allocation accurately, and obtains a encoded video which is more in line with human eye features.