The invention provides a sputum collection pipe provided with a pipe winding mechanism and a use method of the sputum collection pipe, belongs to the field of medical instruments for the pneumology department, and solves the problem that existing sputum collection pipes are easily polluted after sucking sputum. The sputum collection pipe provided with the pipe winding mechanism comprises a pipe body, a pipe cover is fixed at a pipe opening and comprises a cover sleeve and a cover plate, an air inlet and an air outlet are formed in the cover plate, the sputum collection pipe further comprises a sputum suction pipe and an exhaust pipe, the back end of the sputum suction pipe movably penetrates through the air inlet, the back end of the exhaust pipe penetrates through the air outlet, a shaft hole is formed in the center of the cover plate, the sputum collection pipe further comprises a rod-like pipe winding rod movably penetrating through the shaft hole, the pipe winding rod is coaxial with the pipe body, the bottom end of the pipe winding rod abuts against the bottom of the pipe body, the back end of the sputum suction pipe is fixed on the wall, close to the bottom end, of the pipe winding rod, and the pipe winding rod can rotate around the axis of the pipe body, pull the sputum suction pipe to enter the pipe body and allow the sputum suction pipe to be wound on the pipe winding rod. The sputum suction pipe can be quickly stored and fixed after the sputum collection pipe sucks sputum and contact infection is avoided.