The invention discloses a steam curing device for concrete inner and outer well walls of a frozen shaft. The steam curing device for the concrete inner and outer well walls of the frozen shaft comprises a steam curing cylinder and a steam generator, wherein an airtight curing space is formed between the steam curing cylinder and the well walls, a steam conveyance pipe is mounted at a steam outlet of the steam generator, and the steam conveyance pipe is conducted with fluid in the airtight curing space through a seam airway. By adoption of the steam generator to generate steam, heat curing and humidification curing can be conducted to the concrete inner and outer well walls of the frozen shaft, and the temperature and the humidity of the concrete inner and outer well wall of the frozen shaft can be guaranteed; by adoption of an inflatable ring made of rubber, the airtightness between the curing device and the shaft well walls can be guaranteed; by arranging an inflatable nozzle connected with a compressed air piping line in the shaft on the inflatable ring, an inflatable pipe is not needed to be particularly connected so that resources can be saved; and by arranging a temperature and humidity sensor in the curing space, the temperature and the humidity in the curing space can be detected timely.