The invention discloses a method for simultaneously extracting Mogroside V and VI and 11-O-based glucoside V. The method comprises the following steps: (1) dissolving Mogroside V refining mother solution, extracting by n-butyl alcohol to obtain a n-butyl alcohol layer; (2) concentrating, cooling, crystallizing, and filtering to obtain a crystal and crystallization mother solution, and drying the crystal to obtain the Mogroside VI; (3) concentrating the crystallization mother solution until the alcohol is not existent, dissolving, and passing through a polyamide chromatography column, collecting effluent, concentrating, and drying to obtain the Mogroside V; (4) eluting the chromatography column by using the low-concentration alcohol and the high-concentration alcohol, collecting high-concentration alcohol eluant, concentrating, cooling, crystallizing, filtering, and drying to obtain Momordica grosvenori 11-O-based glucoside V. The purity of the Mogroside VI obtained by the method is greater than or equal to 97%, and the yield is greater than or equal to 83%; the purity of the Mogroside V is greater than or equal to 89%, and the yield is greater than or equal to 89%; and the purity of the 11-O-based glucoside V is greater than or equal to 96%, and the yield is greater than or equal to 85%. The condition of the method is moderate, safe and environmental, and the method is suitable for the industrial production.