The invention discloses an unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography data processing method based on electric power design application. The method comprises the steps that an unmanned aerial vehicle identifies transformer substations along a power line and flies along the power line; an aerial photography technology is adopted to acquire original terrain image data surrounding the transformer substations, wherein the original terrain image data include video data, static image data and thermal imaging data; basic data is extracted according to the original terrain image data, wherein the basic data includes a basic image terrain map, a basic thematic map, a basic orthophoto map and a basic landscape map; according to the basic data, data results are output, wherein the data results include an accurate orthophoto map, DSM point cloud data, an accurate terrain map and a three-dimensional live-action mode. By adopting the unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography data processing method, image information surrounding the transformer substations can be rapidly acquired by utilizing an unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography technology.