The invention discloses a heavy haul locomotive anti-skid control method based on an asymmetric barrier liapunov function. The method is used for controlling the torque of a traction motor of a heavy haul locomotive. According to the method, an adhesion factor sliding-mode observer and an asymmetric barrier liapunov anti-skid controller are involved. The asymmetric barrier liapunov anti-skid controller comprises a creep state distinguishing unit, an asymmetric barrier liapunov function selecting unit and a traction motor torque given value calculation unit, and the given torque value of the traction motor of the heavy haul locomotive is calculated. By adoption of the heavy haul locomotive anti-skid control method based on the asymmetric barrier liapunov function, accurate anti-skid control over the heavy haul locomotive can be achieved under the conditions of variation of all types of complex road surfaces. In addition, through design of the adhesion factor sliding-mode observer based on a sliding-mode observer, the adhesion factor is accurately measured, and the flexibility and the stability of a heavy haul locomotive anti-skid control system are further improved.