The invention discloses a low-temperature catalytic curing aldol resin system. The low-temperature catalytic curing aldol resin system is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 90 to 99 parts of resin prepolymer, and 1 to 10 parts of catalytic curing agent. The invention also provides a preparation method of the low-temperature catalytic curing aldol resin system. The preparation method has the advantages that by adopting the special low-toxicity catalytic curing agent, the aldol resin can be cured at low temperature, the size shrinkage in the high-temperature curing and cooling process is avoided, and the curing product has stronger mechanical property.