The invention discloses a culture device special for bifidobacterium. The culture device comprises a base, a supporting frame, a box, a constant-temperature device and a lighting device, the supporting frame is arranged at the top of the base, the box is arranged on the supporting frame and comprises a freeze-drying chamber, a culture chamber and a detection chamber, the constant-temperature device and the lighting device are arranged inside the culture chamber, the constant-temperature device is arranged on the inner wall of the culture chamber, the lighting device is arranged at the top of the culture chamber, the detection chamber and the culture chamber are separated through a first partition, a detection device is arranged in the detection chamber, the freeze-drying chamber and the culture chamber are separated through a second partition, and a freeze-drying device is arranged in the freeze-drying chamber; a sleeve is arranged on one side face of the culture chamber, a sealing ring is arranged between the sleeve and the box, a culture disc is arranged at the bottom in the culture chamber, and a temperature meter and a humidity meter are arranged inside the middle of the culture chamber and both arranged on the inner wall of the box. The culture device is simple in structure, safe and convenient to use, capable of effectively providing a good culture space for bifidobacterium and detecting culture efficiency and survival rate of bifidobacterium and convenient for culture personnel to operate in real time.