The invention discloses a multi-bus protocol testing and simulation method based on an ICD database and a platform. The method comprises the steps that bottom transmission data frame formats of all buses are analyzed, data frame format definitions of all the buses are unified, and a standard tree structure is determined; protocol configuration information is determined according to a received protocol configuration request; external data is received, and an ICD configuration file matched with the external data is generated according to the protocol configuration information and the determined standard tree structure; and a simulation test is performed on the external data according to the generated ICD configuration file matched with the external data to obtain a simulation test result. Through the method, unified configuration management on multi-bus protocol testing and simulation is realized.