The present invention provides a time-space dimension decomposition-based airport gate position allocation method and a system. The method comprises the steps of dividing all flights according to a preset time period and the airport running time of each flight so as to obtain a flight set corresponding to each time period; according to the preset attribute of each gate position, dividing all gate positions to obtain gate position sets corresponding to the attributes of the gate positions; according to flight sets and gate position sets, establishing a constraint condition and an 0-1 integer planning model; based on the branch and bound method, solving out the solution of the 0-1 integer planning model and obtaining a gate position allocation scheme. According to the technical scheme of the invention, the allocation efficiency of airport gate positions is improved and allocation results are optimized. Meanwhile, the efficient and safe operation of an airport is facilitated.