Provided are a make-up air ventilation method and device for a single board panel with forward and reverse ventilation air ducts. The method comprises: inserting single boards (21) in a front and back arrangement into a shelf (11), wherein the single board (21) in the shelf (11) is provided with a forward air duct and a reverse air duct, wherein both air ducts are venting air ducts, and wherein a make-up air ventilation hole (210) is disposed at two ends of a single board panel for make-up air ventilation; and using two rows of blocking members (31, 32) to block the make-up air ventilation holes (210) on a front face and a rear face of the shelf (11) at a side near a shelf fan (110), wherein one of the blocking members (31, 32) corresponds to one of the single boards (21) inserted into a slot of the shelf. Under a complex architecture where single boards with forward and reverse ventilation air ducts are arranged in a front-and-back system or a single-plane orthogonal system, the invention realizes an enhancement of make-up air ventilation and heat dissipation of a panel and overcomes an inability of providing make-up air ventilation in the two systems due to a specific air duct arrangement of the single board. The invention thereby improves a heat dissipation capacity of the single board and the system, improves product competitiveness, and is able to prevent human error and enhance reliability.