The invention provides a measurement and control system used for an underwater explosion model test of a centrifuge. The measurement and control system comprises an acquisition subsystem, a control detonation subsystem, a conditioning device subsystem and a test element subsystem. The acquisition subsystem comprises a host computer, a lower computer, a shooting system display and a photoelectric sliding ring. The control detonation subsystem comprises a control box and a detonation element. The control box comprises a second fiber transceiver and a control circuit. The denotation element comprises a detonator and explosives. A solid-state relay is arranged on the control circuit. The conditioning device subsystem comprises a strain amplifier, a strain bridge box, a sensor signal conditioner and a high speed shooting host. The test element subsystem comprises a strain sheet, a sensor and a high speed camera. The strain sheet and the sensor are arranged on a test model. According to the invention, simultaneous multi-parameter dynamic test is achieved on the centrifuge; a problem of failure to meet underground explosion similarity rate of a traditional model test is solved; the measurement and control system can be used for a replacement method for a prototype test; and test cost and test time are greatly reduced.