The invention provides an exoskeleton type five-finger-arc-displacement finger rehabilitation training system. The system comprises a mechanical arm fixing plate fixed on the back of a hand and is characterized in that the mechanical arm fixing plate comprises a mechanical arm drive system and finger mechanisms, the mechanical arm drive system comprises linear push rod motors, rotatable motor bases and linear push rods connected with the linear push rod motors, and each finger mechanism comprises a finger near-end arc-shaped support with a slide groove, an arc-shaped push rod, a finger fixing seat, a finger far-end arc-shaped support and a finger far-end connecting rod component; slide wheel groups are mounted on the lateral sides of the arc-shaped push rods to allow the arc-shaped push rods to slide in the slide grooves of the arc-shaped support so as to convert the linear displacement of the motors into finger near-end arc displacement; the finger far-end connecting rod components are used for achieving finger tail-end arc displacement. The exoskeleton type five-finger-arc-displacement finger rehabilitation training system has the advantages that the two-freedom-degree rehabilitation exercise of each finger, the active or passive rehabilitation training of the fingers can be achieved by controlling the motors, and the system is ingenious and safe in structure, convenient to operate and capable of greatly relieving the work intensity of medical staff.