The invention relates to a copper-based catalyst with high activity and stability for acetylene hydrochlorination. According to the copper-based catalyst, a copper salt is taken as an active component, wherein the copper salt is selected from one or more of copper chloride, copper nitrate, copper sulfate and copper phosphate. The copper-based catalyst is characterized in that a stabilizer is introduced into the copper-based catalyst; and the stabilizer is selected from one or more of guanidine hydrochloride, tetramethylethylenediamine hydrochloride, tetramethylammonium chloride, tetraethylammonium chloride, benzyltrimethylammonium chloride, benzyl triethyl ammonium chloride, tetramethyl phosphorus chloride, tetrabutyl phosphorus chloride, methyl triphenyl phosphorus chloride and 1-butyl triphenylphosphonium. Through introducing the stabilizer has the advantages of being low in cost, low in toxicity, good in heat stability and small steam pressure into the catalyst, and the stability of the copper-based catalyst for acetylene hydrochlorination is significantly improved.