The invention discloses an underwater robot and an underwater information collection system. The underwater robot comprises a shell; at least two lifting ducts are formed in the middle of the shell in a vertically penetrating mode, and a lifting propeller is mounted in each lifting duct; at least two propulsion ducts are formed at two opposite sides of the shell in a horizontally penetrating mode, and a propulsion propeller is mounted in each propulsion duct; and arc flow-guide sections extending from the end portion of the robot to the propulsion ducts are formed in the side portions of the shell, a plurality of flow-guide fins arranged at intervals are further mounted at the inlet ends of the propulsion ducts of the shell, water flow is partially guided to the flow-guide fins through the arc flow-guide sections, and the water flow is further guided to the propulsion ducts by the flow-guide fins. According to the underwater robot and the underwater information collection system, the operational stability of the underwater robot in the underwater information collection process is improved.