The invention relates to a method for regulating and controlling oxide material defect concentration at room temperature, which comprises the following steps: adding a proper amount of high-reactivity metal powder and a dispersion medium in a selected oxide material, grinding and allowing complete reaction, centrifuging, and drying to obtain an oxide material with a certain defect concentration, wherein the defect content in the oxide material can be regulated and controlled by regulating the adding amount of the metallic lithium powder. The method of the invention captures the oxygen from the crystal lattice of part of the oxide material during grinding process, and regulates and controls the surface structure and optical, electrical, catalytic and other properties of the oxide material by introducing defects at room temperature. The method has the advantages of rapidness, low energy consumption, environmental friendliness, wide application range, and the like, and has more remarkable advantages for the systems sensitive to the material defects or difficult to regulate and control the material defects.