The invention belongs to the field of Internet of things technology, and discloses an Internet of things virtual gateway and node access authentication method compatible with multiple protocols. The specification defined by an Internet of things data support platform only requires a virtual gateway to follow the adaptation, the process that the virtual gateway uploads data or receives commands follows the specification defined by the Internet of things data support platform, the virtual gateway is adapted to different Internet of things sensing equipment downwards and is developed according to the protocols and data formats of the Internet of things sensing equipment, and when a new type of Internet of things sensing equipment is accessed, only one virtual gateway needs to be developed and adapted to the new Internet of things sensing equipment downwards, the existing code of the Internet of things data support platform does not need any change, and thus a new type of Internet of things sensing equipment can be accessed with minimum cost; and meanwhile, the virtual gateway authenticates the Internet of things sensing equipment, a cloud platform authenticates the virtual gateway, and thus the security and legality of the data can be guaranteed through layer-by-layer authentication.