The present invention provides an electromagnetic vibration transducer, a sensing device and a track state monitoring system, and relates to the energy technology field. The electromagnetic vibration transducer comprises a coil, a hollow body, a first magnet, a second magnet and a third magnet, the coil sleeves the hollow body along the axial direction of the hollow body, the first magnet is arranged at one end of the hollow body, and the second magnet is arranged at the other end. Under the repulsive force action of the first and second magnets, the third magnet suspends in the hollow body. When the electromagnetic vibration transducer vibrates, the third magnet generates the relative vibration with the first and second magnets, so that the coil generates an induction current to convert the vibration kinetic energy into the electric energy based on the law of electromagnetic induction, and the autonomous power supply is realized.