A near-bit geological guiding system comprises a first drill collar and a second drill collar. The first drill collar and the second drill collar are each of a drum-shaped structure, the first drill collar is located on the lower portion of the second drill collar, the diameter of the upper portion of the first drill collar is smaller than that of the lower portion of the first drill collar, a plurality of measuring instrument storing grooves are formed in the peripheral side of the upper portion of the first drill collar, a first routing hole is formed in the top of each measuring instrument storing groove, instrument mounting boxes are arranged in the measuring instrument storing grooves, near-bit measuring instruments are mounted in the instrument mounting boxes, and an end cover is arranged outside the measuring instrument storing grooves and blocks off notches of the measuring instrument storing grooves. In the near-bit geological guiding system, the measuring instrument storing grooves are located between the first drill collar and the second drill collar, and the exteriors of the measuring instrument storing grooves are protected through the end cover, an outer ring and the like; the bit measuring instruments in the instrument mounting boxes are completely wrapped, and the compression resistance capacity is effectively improved; and the notches of the measuring instrument storing grooves are closed by the outer ring, a threaded sleeve forms a closed opening of the far end, the overall compression resistance effect is improved, the service life is prolonged, and normal operation of measurement is ensured.