The invention relates to an elastic strip fatigue testing device and an elastic strip fatigue testing method and belongs to the technical field of railway accessories. The elastic strip fatigue testing device comprises a fixing base, a track section, an elastic strip component, a fixing component and a pressure testing component. The track section is arranged on the fixing base, the elastic strip component is matched with the track section and is fixed to the fixing base through the fixing component, and the pressure testing component comprises a pressing head exerting a vertical-directional acting force to the track section. In the elastic strip fatigue testing method, the acting force, frequency and shaking amplitude can be also adjusted according to TB/T 2329-2002 standard and the actual situation by utilizing the vertical-directional acting force exerted by the pressing head to the track section. For more accurately simulating the actual usage working condition of an elastic strip, salt-spray corrosion conducted on the elastic strip can be achieved while fatigue testing, data obtained through testing in the actual working environment where the elastic strip is located can more accurately embody the fatigue behavior of the elastic strip under actual active service condition, and the fatigue testing data of the elastic strip is closer to the actual situation.