The invention discloses a coating/matrix composite material interface bonding strength measuring device and method. The device comprises a testing machine, a data acquisition and control system and a sample clamping mechanism, wherein the testing machine comprises a rack, a moving cross beam, a lead screw and a power mechanism, the power mechanism comprises a motor, a belt wheel shaft base, a synchronous belt shaft, a first synchronous belt wheel, a second synchronous belt wheel, a third synchronous belt wheel, a fourth synchronous belt wheel, a first synchronous belt and a second synchronous belt, the sample clamping mechanism comprises a graduated disk, an upper roller, a matrix clamper, a coating clamper, a weighing sensor, a lower roller, a first displacement sensor and a second displacement sensor, and the data acquisition and control system comprises a computer, a data acquisition card and a motor driving card. The method comprises the steps of installation of a tested sample, pressure exertion to the tested sample and data acquisition and data analysis and processing. The quantized measurement of the coating/matrix composite material interface bonding strength is achieved, and a popularization and application value is high.