The invention aims to provide a data filtering device and method. Initial to-be-filtered data is converted into structured to-be-filtered data after being obtained each time, then matching calculation is performed in real time by utilizing a corresponding filtering rule, and a filtering result is obtained, so that the problem of timeliness is solved; arithmetic operation, character string operation, relational operation, logic operation, regular expression operation and set operation are supported at the same time; an expansion interface is reserved; and the filtering rule is a simple operation expression form with a variable, so that the problems of complex filtering rule description, difficult expansion and difficult management are solved.