The invention discloses an inner and outer opening handle structure of an aircraft emergency hatch door. The structure comprises the hatch door, an outer handle, an inner handle, a first connecting rod, a second connecting rod, a first rocker arm, a second rocker arm, a third rocker arm and a lock pin, wherein the inner handle is fixed on the inner side of the hatch door and is in linkage with a spring bolt, the outer handle is located on the outer side of the hatch door, the outer handle is hinged to a groove in the outer side of the hatch door through a short shaft located at the middle-upper part on one side of the outer handle, the outer handle takes the short shaft as a rotating center, the outer end of the short shaft is connected with the first rocker arm, the first rocker arm is linked with the second rocker arm through the first connecting rod, the second rocker arm and the third rocker arm are fixed to the two ends of one linkage shaft in the same direction, the middle part of the linkage shaft is hinged to a hatch door body, the third rocker arm is connected with the tail end of the lock pin through the second connecting rod, and the lock pin is restrained by a hatch door guide hole.