The invention discloses an electronic waste pyrolysis treatment method based on microwave quenching. According to the method, a waste feeding device, a pyrolysis furnace, a microwave burning furnace, a tail gas purifying device and a furnace slag solid waste removing device are included. Carbon residues generated after waste is subjected to pyrolysis in the pyrolysis furnace are discharged into the microwave burning furnace to serve as a strong wave absorption medium, temperature is increased quickly, pyrolysis gas generated in the pyrolysis furnace is sufficiently burnt when passing through a high-temperature carbon residue layer, poisonous and harmful gas, like dioxin, in the pyrolysis gas is thoroughly eliminated, and damage of incineration of waste to the environment is reduced to a greater extent. The electronic waste pyrolysis treatment method based on microwave quenching is simple in step, convenient to implement and high in practicability.