The invention discloses a single-end holographic frequency domain fault positioning method for a high-voltage transmission line. Starting from a fault component network equation, opposite-end system impedance, transition resistance and a fault distance are set to be undetermined parameters, a network equation in the frequency domain under a lumped parameter model is given, and system parameters and the positioning information are obtained through solution. The method eliminates systematic errors in single-end range measurement from the principle, and the range measurement precision is improved.