The invention relates to an active and passive hybrid mode-locking optical pulse generator based on a graphene saturable absorber, and belongs to the technical field of an optical communication device. The main structure of the active and passive hybrid mode-locking optical pulse generator comprises an active mode-locking fiber laser resonant cavity, a passive mode-locking fiber laser system and a pulse optimization system, wherein the active mode-locking fiber laser resonant cavity comprises devices such as a pumping light source (1), a wavelength division multiplexer (2), a first optical coupler (3) and a first polarization controller (4), the passive mode-locking fiber laser system comprises devices such as a dispersion compensation fiber (21) and the graphene saturable absorber (22), and the pulse optimization system comprises two automatic feedback control rings. An active and passive hybrid mode-locking technology is employed, an optical detector is used for receiving a part of output laser, an amplification circuit is used for processing a received signal, the optimization on the output pulse of the whole system is achieved by controlling piezoelectric ceramic, so that the whole system generates stable, ultrashort and high-speed optical pulse, the active and passive hybrid mode-locking optical pulse generator is simple to operate, and accurate control can be achieved.