The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition containing ginsenoside F1 or Rh1 for preventing or treating vascular leakage syndrome, to a method for treating vascular leakage syndrome using the pharmaceutical composition, and to a food composition containing ginsenoside F1 or Rh1 for preventing or ameliorating vascular leakage syndrome. The ginsenoside F1 or Rh1 provided in the present invention can promote angiogenesis and suppress vascular leakage, and thus can be widely utilized in the effective prevention or treatment of vascular leakage syndrome.