The invention provides a regional voltage layered and distributed cooperative control system of a photovoltaic power distribution network. When voltage does not exceed the limit on a user layer, local reactive compensation will come into play so as to restrain generation of overvoltage. When feeder line voltage exceeds the limit, the passive compensation of distributed cooperative control comes into play in advance so as to reduce voltage regulation cost. When passive capacity is completely consumed and the voltage still exceeds the limit, an active shrinkage strategy of the distributed cooperative control acquires an optimized photovoltaic active shrinkage solution through little distribution communication and local calculation. When feeder line voltage recovers to normal, through the power recovery control, maximized photovoltaic power generation benefits can be ensured. Through transformer station layer voltage, voltage information and in-station information based on feeder line key nodes are controlled, and by use of a nine-area graph of a fuzzy passive boundary, a limit exceeding problem of the feeder line voltage is solved by adjusting voltage of the low-voltage side of a transformer.