The invention discloses a material surface treatment device for architectural decoration construction. The device comprises a base; two sides of the upper surface of the base are fixedly connected with shaft sleeves through brackets; the inner sides of the shaft sleeves fixedly sleeve support rods; the other sides of the support rods are fixedly connected with positioning bases; two sides of the upper ends of the positioning bases are fixedly connected with limiting rods; extrusion bases are arranged on the surfaces of the limiting rods; limiting holes are respectively formed in two ends of the inner sides of the extrusion bases; the inner sides of the limiting holes slidingly sleeve the surfaces of the limiting rods; the upper ends of the limiting rods are fixedly connected with laths; thread holes are formed in the laths; the inner sides of the thread holes are in threaded connection with the thread rods; and the lower ends of the thread rods are fixedly connected with gaskets. The material surface treatment device for architectural decoration construction can effectively polish the surfaces of cylindrical timbers according to actual conditions, and meanwhile, can effectively fix the cylindrical timbers.