The invention relates to a probe hybridization quick detection method of blue-green algae for producing 2-MIB. The method comprises the first step of extracting total genome DNA of the algae in a water sample to be tested; the second step of conducting PCR amplification on the total genome DNA; the third step of conducting hybridization on amplified PCR products and a specific probe after high temperature denaturation; the fourth step of adding nanogold and salts into the hybrid product to induce a chromogenic reaction, and then observing the change of color. The probe hybridization quick detection method of the blue-green algae for producing 2-MIB is simple and feasible, low in cost, short in detection time and free of pollution, the result can be observed merely through naked eyes, and thus the blue-green algae for producing 2-MIB in an environment can be quickly detected.